devikulam to eravikulam national park
Eravikulam National Park
Eravikulam National Park is a 97 km2 national park located along the Western Ghats in the Idukki district of Kerala in India. Situated between 10º05'N and 10º20' north, and 77º0' and 77º10' east, map. it is the first national park in Kerala.
Eravikulam National Park is administered by the Kerala Department of Forests and Wildlife, Munnar Wildlife Division, which also runs the nearby Mathikettan Shola National Park, Anamudi Shola National Park, Pambadum Shola National Park, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary and the Kurinjimala Sanctuary. Eravikulam National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Geography
Anamudi, on the right, in the Eravikulam National Park
Nikolai Mala, near Anamudi from Eravikulam National Park
The main body of the park consists of a high rolling hill plateau with a base elevation of about 2,000 m. The terrain consists of high altitude grasslands interspersed with sholas. Anamudi, 2,695 meters, the highest peak in India south of the Himalayas is inside this park. Many perennial streams criss-cross the park. They merge to form tributaries of the Periyar river in the west and the Cauvery River in the east. See. Lakka Waterfalls is in this region.
Fauna
Twenty-six species of mammals have been recorded in the park including the largest surviving population of Nilgiri tahr, estimated at 750 individuals. The other ungulates are lion-tailed macaques, gaur, Indian muntjac and sambar deer. Golden jackal, jungle cat, wild dog, dhole, leopard, and tiger are the main predators. Some little-known animals such as Nilgiri langur, stripe-necked mongoose, Indian porcupine, Nilgiri marten, small-clawed otter, ruddy mongoose, and dusky palm squirrel are also found. Elephants make seasonal visits.
132 species of birds have been recorded which include endemics like a black-and-orange flycatcher, Nilgiri pipit, Nilgiri wood pigeon, white-bellied shortwing, Nilgiri flycatcher and Kerala laughing thrush.
Endemic butterflies confined to the shola-grass land ecosystem like the red disk bush brown and Palni four ring are among the 101 species in the park.
19 species of amphibians have been recorded in the park.
New species of frog found
A new bright reddish-orange-colored frog with multiple glands and extremely short limbs has been discovered in the Eravikulam National Park. The newly discovered species is restricted to less than three km2 on the peak of Anamudi and deserves immediate conservation priority, scientists S.D. Biju of Delhi University and Franky Bossuyt of the Free University of Brussels said in Current Science. The frog has been assigned the name Raorchestes. This frog, as compared to all other members of the genus, has multiple prominent glandular swellings: laterally behind the eyes, on the side of the dorsum, on the anterior side of the vent, on the dorsal side of the forearms and shanks, and the posterior side of tarsus and metatarsus. Additional distinguishing characteristics include the color of the iris (which is bright red), and extremely short legs.
Flora
Three major types of plant communities are found in the Park – grasslands, shrublands, and forests. The terrain above 2000m is covered primarily by grasslands. However, there are numerous small patches of forests in hollows and gullies in these areas. The deeper valleys are extensively forested. Shrublands predominate along with the bases of the cliffs and interspersed in rocky slab areas. The antibacterial Eupatorium is found here. As this is forest vegetation many small mosses, lichen is also found here.
History
Trekking route in Eravikulam National Park
View to Munnar Mountains from the top of Eravikulam National Park
Before 1971, the area was managed as a game preserve by the Kanan Devan Hills Produce Company. The government of Kerala resumed control in 1971 (Kannan Devan Hill Produce (Resumption of Lands) Act, 1971), and declared the Eravikulam-Rajamala Wildlife Sanctuary in 1975 to protect the habitat of the endangered Nilgiri Tahr. It became a National Park in 1978.
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